TSETSE FLY DISEASE. 459 



surra. During an outbreak of this disease in the Parel stables 

 of the Bombay Tramway Company during November and Decem- 

 ber, 1888, the horses were exposed to cold night winds, and 10 

 out of 174: died from surra. When means were taken to exclude 

 these chilling winds, no fresh cases took place. 



" The question with regard to the administration of arsenic to 

 animals at the commencement of the rains, as a preventive, in 

 districts where surra is epizootic, is one worthy of trial. A dose 

 of 5 grains of arsenic in the form of liquor arsenicalis (10 drachms) 

 given once a day in the drinking water to each animal, could not 

 fail to produce a beneficial effect, and could with safety be continued 

 for a month at a time. The dose of arsenic should then be grad- 

 ually reduced every three days by half a grain at a time until it 

 is discontinued altogether. An interval of seven days should then 

 be allowed to elapse, and again the same process persevered in with 

 intervals, until the termination of the rains, or end of October " 

 (Jjingard). 



TREATMENT.— To Lingard is due the great credit of having 

 devised a system of treatment with arsenic, by which horses suf- 

 fering from this hitherto invariably fatal disease, have recovered. 

 Briefly stated, he begins, in the case of a full-sized horse, by giving 

 5 grains of arsenic (in the form of liquor arsenicalis) twice daily, 

 and gradually increasing the amount by half a grain in two days 

 until 18 or 20 grains are given daily. The dose may then be de- 

 creased gradually as the condition of the animal may indicate, to 

 4 grains twice a day. Giving the patient rice-water morning and 

 evening, immediately after the arsenic, will increase his tolerance 

 of this drug. Grood feeding and judicious exercise will favour his 

 chance of recovery. For further details of Lingard's special treat- 

 ment, I beg to refer my readers to my translation of Friedberger 

 and Frohner's " Patholoo:ie." 



Tsetse Fly Disease {Nagano). 



■CAUSE AND NATURE.— The tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans), 

 which is found throughout a large portion of Central Africa, 

 has long been regarded as the cause of horse traffic being im- 

 possible in the districts it inhabits. It is about half an inch 

 long, and somewhat resembles in appearance the common house 

 fly. It has a long thin proboscis; chestnut thorax (chest), 

 marked longitudinally by four blaok lines ; and a yellowish-white 

 abdomen of five rings (A. Laboulbene). The points of attack 

 which it seems to prefer are the lower part of the belly, insides 

 of the thighs and under the tail. The stricken animals become 



