GLAKDEES. 493 



Williams remarks that farcy may first manifest itself by painful 

 swellings in the flexor tendons, or by rheumatic symptoms. 



The onset and course of glanders and farcy have far from a 

 uniform character in their manifestations. 



An attack of acute farcy will run its course to a fatal termina- 

 tion in about a month. 



SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC FARCY.— This form differs from 

 the acute in being much milder. There is but little constitutional 

 disturbance, and the tumours may remain indolent for a long time. 



POST-MORTEM APPEARANCES.— In almost all cases, tubercles 

 (nodules) varying in size from that of a grain of sand to that of 

 a small pea, will be found in the lungs, and will give the feeling 

 of shot, when the fingers are passed over the surface of the lungs. 

 The presence of the characteristic ulcers in the air-passages will 

 confirm our suspicion. 



SUSCEPTIBILITY AND PREDISPOSING INFLUENCES.— 



Asses, mules and jennets appear to be more, and men less, suscept- 

 ible to glanders than horses. The order of comparative suscept- 

 ibility of certain other animals is somewhat as follows: — Field 

 mice and guinea pigs, the cat tribe, dogs, goats, rabbits, and sheep. 

 Pigs and pigeons have little or no susceptibility to it. Cattle, 

 domestic fowl, rats, house-mice, and white mice seem to be immune. 

 Individual idiosyncrasy is well marked in this disease j for " some 

 horses readily take it, when living in a stable with glandered 

 animals, while others may remain for months and even years under 

 similar conditions, without becoming infected. Glanders, like 

 tuberculosis, has certain predisposing factors, the chief of which 

 are : over-exertion, deficiency of food, bad ventilation, chill, and 

 disease. The spread of glanders is therefore greatest during times 

 of war^' {Friedherger arid Frohner). 



The fact that the tramway horses of the Glasgow Corporation 

 (p. 619) were particularly well fed and looked after, appears to 

 account to some extent for the very small percentage of clinically- 

 affected animals that were found among them. Writing of glanders, 

 Mr. Hunting (" Veterinary Record ") states that " young horses 

 ' break up ' much more rapidly than old horses," and that " over- 

 worked or underfed studs are invaded with much greater rapidity 

 than those well fed and properly worked." 



HISTORY. — Glanders was known to the ancient Greeks and 

 Romans. For the first half of the nineteenth century, veterinary 

 surgeons as a rule considered that it could occur spontaneously. 



