500 GENERAL DISEASES. 



CURABILITY AND TREATMENT OF GLANDERS.— Mallein 

 has probably a curative effect in cases of glanders (p. 619). It 

 is also possible that spontaneous recoveries may take place, espe- 

 cially when the animal's constitution is fortified by good feeding, 

 and careful nursing. Mr. Hunting ("Vet. Record"), referring to 

 pre-mallein days, remarks : " Cases were not unfrequent in which 

 horses exhibited well-marked clinical signs of glanders (usually 

 farcy sores, but sometimes nasal ulceration and frequently en- 

 larged submaxillary glands), but after rest and treatment, so far 

 recovered as to return to work free from all suspicious symptoms, 

 and to live until accident or other disease put an end to their 

 existence." Althouofh the treatment of horses which have outward 

 symptoms of glanders, is illegal in this country; there are no re- 

 strictions as to the treatment of those which simply react to 

 mallein. If such an animal was worth the trouble and slight risk, 

 it would be wise to continue the injections of mallein, say, at in- 

 tervals of three weeks, and with comparatively large doses of this 

 drug (p. 615). Mr. Hunting states that " nearly 50 per cent, of 

 the reacting horses submitted to repeated mallein injections re- 

 covered." 



DISTINGUISHING GLANDERS FROM OTHER DISEASES.— 

 The following are the chief means for arriving at this end : — 



1. Mallein (p. 614 f^ seq.), is our sheet anchor for preventing 

 us from falling into mistakes concerning the presence or absence 

 of glanders in a suspected animal. 



2. Symptoins. The chief outward symptoms of glanders are : 

 discharge from the nose; ulceration, on one or both sides, 

 of the mucous membrane which lines the nostrils ; and a tumour 

 which is generally adherent to the bone, on one or both sides of 

 the space between the angles of the lower jaw. The discharge 

 from the nose in cases of glanders, differs from that of cold in the 

 head (p. 369), influenza (p. 461) and nasal gleet (p. 373), as my 

 readers may see on referring to the respective descriptions of the 

 symptoms of these diseases. Ulceration of the nostrils is not a 

 frequent symptom. In influenza there may be a swelling, more 

 or less resembling that of glanders, of the glands between the 

 angles of the lower jaw. 



A persistently high and varying temperature, ranging, say, from 

 101° F. to 103*^ F. and continuing thus for several weeks, tends 

 to corroborate evidence of the existence of glanders. 



Horses which come from a glandered stud should be viewed with' 

 great suspicion, especially if they evince a tendency to shiver or 

 have rough staring coats. Here, the clinical thermometer (p. 681) 

 will be of great use in arriving at a correct conclusion. 



