GLANDEKS. 501 



The outward symptoms of ulcerative lymphangitis (p. 505) and 

 epizootic lymphangitis (p. 503) are practically identical with those 

 of farcy, and an exact distinction can be made only by means of 

 mallein or a high-jDower microscope. The fact that farcy has no 

 characteristic symptoms throws doubt on many of the supposed 

 cases of farcy which are said to have recovered. The symptoms of 

 ordinaiy lymphangitis (p. 506) would not be mistaken for those 

 of farcy by a competent veterinary surgeon. Petechial fever (pur- 

 pura, p. 517) " is distinguished from acute glanders chiefly by the 

 slight amount of fever that is present, and by the fact that the 

 extensive swellings of the skin are never nodular" (Friedherger 

 and Frohner). 



3. Inoculation by the discharge from the nose or from a 

 swpijosed farcy abscess of the suspected animal would as a rule 

 decide the question fairly well, within three weeks or a month. 

 As glanders in donkeys is generally of a well-marked and virulent 

 type, these animals are fit subjects for such an experiment, which 

 should not be made, unless the stake at issue was of sufficient im- 

 portance to justify the cruelty, and unless the law respecting vivi- 

 section was not violated. 



4. Hastening the development of the suj^j^osed disease by giving 

 the animal 15 grains of bichromate of potash for two or three days 

 in its food ; or a full dose of aloes, which should be administered 

 by a stick or balling pistol, so as to avoid accidental inoculation. 



5. The Microscope. This method can be employed only by those 

 who have studied bacteriology. 



I do not think that the appearance of tubercles in the lungs 

 of a horse (pp. 493 and 496) is sufficiently distinctive in cases of 

 glanders, to warrant us in accepting it as proof of the existence, 

 unless w^e found the bacilli of glanders in these nodules. 



PREVENTION. — This is a question which particularly concerns 

 the owners of large studs of omnibus, tramway, cab, and city cart 

 horses ; for these animals are more exposed to the contagion than 

 horses of a better class, and are largely recruited from infected 

 areas. Commercial horses in cities are specially exposed to this 

 infection, and it is no uncommon thing for a servant in charge of 

 one of these animals to give his master's nose-bag and its con- 

 tents to a friend and proprietor of a glandered horse, for a " drink " 

 or its equivalent in money. Owners in question should not buy 

 foreign horses or those coming from such infected centres as London 

 and Glasgow, without having the suspicion of glanders removed 

 from them, by having them tested with mallein. 



When taking a horse by train, it is advisable to keep a muzzle 

 or nose-bag on him, because it is probable that glanders has not 



