610 MEDICINES. 



and certain effects are obtained by the addition of 2 or 3 grains 

 of pilocarpine " (F inlay Dun). This combined medicine will 

 generally purge the horse in about half an hour. Veterinary- 

 Surgeon Desmond, who has treated over 500 cases by the intra- 

 tracheal injection of eserine, has devised the following solution 

 after much careful research : — 



Sulphate of eserine ... ... ... 20 grains. 



Hydrochlorate of pilocarpine ... ... 60 „ 



Pure carbolic acid ... ... ... 10 drops. 



Distilled water ... ... ... ... 5 ouuces. 



Each drachm of this solution contains J grain of eserine and IJ 

 grains of pilocarpine. The doses recommended by Veterinary- 

 Surgeon Desmond for intra-tracheal injection are : Heavy draught- 

 horse, 3 drachms; carriage-horse, 2 drachms; hack, IJ drachm; 

 and pony, 1 drachm. This solution will keep good for any length 

 of time. Ordinaiy solutions of eserine become quickly altered 

 in composition. Opium or morjDhine should not be given at the 

 same time as eserine, for their action is antagonistic to it. 



Ether, Nitrous Spirit of. 



See " Nitre, Sweet Spirits of." 



Formalin. 



This drug, which is a 40 per cent, solution of formic aldehyde, 

 is used chiefly as a disinfectant (1 per cent, solution), and has 

 proved beneficial as an antiseptic in navel-ill (p. 535). Per- 

 centages quoted are those of formic aldehyde, and not of formalin. 



Solutions are made as follows: — 



10 p.c. solution, add 1 part of formalin to 3 of water 



p.c. ,, ,, ,, ,5 "i ,, ,, 

 " p.c. ,, ,, .) ,,/,,., 



'* P'C. ,, J, ), ,, y 5j ,5 



2 p.c. ,, „ „ ,, It) ,, ,, 



1 p.c. ,, ,, ,. ,, 0<J ;, ,, 



Formalin was largely used as a disinfectant, in the form of spray, 

 during the outbreak of plague at Capetown in 1901. 



Gentian 



is an excellent stomachic. The extract, of which J oz. may be 

 given, is the most convenient form to use. Or we may give from 

 ^ to 1 oz. of the powder in IJ pints of ale or stout with 1 oz. of 

 sweet spirits of nitre. 



