616 MEDICINES. 



a glandered horse, it is seldom or never less than, five inches in 

 diameter, and not rarely it is nearly twice that. The rule re- 

 garding the second point is that, in a non-glandered horse, the 

 local swelling attains its maximum size during the first fourteen 

 or sixteen hours after the injection, and then rapidly declines, so 

 that it has nearly or altogether disappeared by the twenty-fourth 

 hour. In a horse suffering from glanders, the tumour continues 

 to increase in size to about the thirtieth hour after inoculation ; it 

 persists for two or three days; then gradually recedes, and does 

 not finally disappear until the fifth or sixth day (Nocard). In- 

 fiamed lymphatic glands may be seen radiating from the tumour, 

 which may be so painful as to cause lameness of the fore leg of 

 the side upon which it is situated" (McFadyean). These re- 

 marks specially apply to a glandered horse which has been in- 

 jected with mallein for the first time, and which is under con- 

 ditions that are favourable for this test. 



Although little or no swelling may be visible at the seat of 

 the injection, the fact that reaction has taken place locally may 

 be clearly manifested by the painful condition of the part. The 

 absence of well-marked swelling is often caused by the injection 

 having been made too deeply. Mr. Porch, F.R.C.V.S. ("Veterinary 

 Record "), states that the appearance of the swelling is occasionally 

 delayed for two, and even for three days in exceptional cases. 

 Repeated injections often have the effect of diminishing the size 

 of the swelling, and may also delay its appearance. 



The rise of temperature (which is at least 2.5° F. and may 

 sometimes be as great as 6° or even 7° F.) is characterised by 

 the fact, that having reached its maximum in about 15 hours, it 

 does not disappear until about 24 or 30 hours after inoculation. If 

 the horse is free from glanders, the temperature will not be 

 affected. 



If, at the time of inoculation, the temperature be high — say, 

 102^ F. or more — the reactions may be less apparent, or alto- 

 gether wanting in an affected animal. The " Journal of Com- 

 parative Pathology," December, 1892, records two cases of horses 

 whose respective temperatures were 103.1° F. and 103.4° F., at 

 the time of inoculation. Their temperatures fell, instead of 

 rising ; the condition of the swelling at the seat of inoculation was 

 normal, being about the size of a walnut ; the appetite of one of 

 them continued good ; and yet both of them were proved by j^ost- 

 mortem examination to be thoroughly infected with glanders. 



A decided opinion should not be passed, unless both reactions 

 take place ; although an exaggeration in one may make up for a 

 deficiencv in the other. Mr. Porch believes that a local reactioii 



