CASTKATING. 



653 



over its handles, by a ratchet, or by a screw; the first being the 

 simplest plan, though the third is probably the most efficient. 



The clam is an instrument used for compressing the cord, and 

 is composed of two pieces of flat steel, which have serrated edges and 

 are united by a joint. The ends away from the joint are formed 

 into handles. The clam should be made extra broad if it is to be 

 used with the hot iron, in order that it may save the thighs from 

 being burned. 



If we cannot obtain a broad clam, the scrotum and inside of the 



Fig. 165. — Horse on ground with both fore legs secured. 



thighs should be protected from the heat by covering them, with wet 

 cloths. The operator should take a hot firing iron, which should 

 be clean and free from all scales, and should burn through the cord 

 and surrounding tissues at a distance of about half an inch from 

 the clam. The iron should be maintained at a dull red heat, and 

 should be freely applied to the cut end of the cord and also to each 

 side of it, so as to prevent any chance of bleeding. The clam is now 

 gradually relaxed. The hot iron should be reapplied in the event 

 of bleeding ensuing before the clam is finally removed. The right 

 testicle is treated in a similar manner. After the cord has been 

 severed, the finger should be introduced into the wound, and the 

 end of the cord freed from any adhesions which may exist between 

 the cord and scrotum. 



