ABSOLUTE UNSOUNDNESSES. 701 



same view was taken. Henee I think we should class this ailment as 

 an absolute unsoundness ; although, from personal experience, I would 

 be inclined to disregard, in an aged horse, a small bog-spavin that was 

 soft ; free from any symptom of inflammation ; did not increase in size, 

 after exercise ; and did not appear to injuriously affect, in any way, the 

 animal's action, even when he had cooled down after severe work. 



Bone-spavin (p. 252), 



Breakdown. — This term is applied by veterinary surgeons to rupture 

 of one or both branches of the suspensory ligament (p. 36), an 

 accident which causes more or less descent of the fetlock joint. It is, 

 however, popularly used to denote any violent sprain of the suspensory 

 ligament or back tendons. 



Broken-wind (p. 377). 



Bursatee (p. 145). 



Canker (p. 169). 



Cap2?ed elbow (p. 334). — I would, in all cases, consider this an 

 unsoundness ; for however trivial it might be in itself, the enlargement 

 would always be liuble to become aggravated by the pressure of the 

 heel, when the horse is lying down, and its presence would suggest 

 special liability on the part of the animal to contract this injury. 



Capped hock, synovial (p. 382). — This somewhat unusual form 

 of capped hock is due to enlargement of the synovial bursa which lies 

 between the point of the hock and the tendon that is attached to it. 

 "It is an unsoundness, causing lameness, and sometimes the formation 

 of abscesses from caries of the summit of the os calcis " ( Williams). 



Capped knee (p. 330). — Any swelling about this important joint 

 could hardly fail to injuriously affect the animal's usefulness. 



Cataract (Higgs v. Thrale, cited by Oliphant in '' Law of Horses"). 

 — The slightest opacity in either the lens or capsule is an unsoundness, 

 as it is liable to interfere with the sight, and is always liable to 

 spread. See p. 343. 



Cord, scirrhous (p. 122). 



Cornea, undue convexity of, so as to cause shying (p. 696). 



Corns (p. 220). 



Cough (p. 372). 



Curb (p. 52). 



Docking, w<>u7id by. — A horse recently docked should not be passed 

 sound, until the wound has healed; for serious consequences (tetanus, 

 for instance) may attend this oj)eration. 



Dropped hip (p. 308). 



Elephantiasis (p. 50S). 



Eye, diseases of the (p. 339). 



False quarter (p. 182). 



