Il8 VETERINARY HOMCEOPATHY. 



fore, pass on to the consideration of those symptoms which are 

 pecuhar to the disease when once it is established; the incubative 

 period is ushered in by occasional shiYcring, but the first attention 

 would probably be directed to the coat, which stands up and has 

 a very open appearance; on handling the horse the skin of the 

 body generally, but especially that of the legs and ears, is very 

 cold; having discovered this, a very short observation will note 

 the rigors or shivering; the animal's individual appearance is sug- 

 gestive of extreme languor; the mucous membranes lining eyes 

 and nose are of a deep dark red, and they are tumified or swollen; 

 the internal temperature will rise to 103 or 105 degrees; the pulse 

 and respirations are much more frequent, the latter being some- 

 times repeated as often as the former; the appetite fails entirely, 

 and it is only by the exercise of considerable ingenuity that a 

 horse can be induced to partake of nutriment in any form; indeed 

 so marked is the anorexia in some cases, that the animal has to 

 be drenched wuth food in small quantities of a highly nutritious 

 liquid character to maintain the bodily powers in any degree; in 

 the majority of cases the animal maintains a standing posture, 

 and never lies down until breathing is performed more easily by- 

 reason of the clearing up of the air tubes after defervesence 

 of the disease; he stands with head stretched out, nostrils 

 dilated, fore legs wide apart, and heaving flanks; the character of 

 the pulse varies as the disease advances; in the early stage it is 

 full and hard and numbers 80 or 90 beats per minute; thereafter 

 it becomes softer, th^ artery feels full, but the actual beat of the 

 heart is not readily discernible; in unfavorable cases the pulse 

 thereafter becomes small and wiry and is increased in frequency 

 to 120; the respirations are urgent and appear to give pain in 

 their performance, especially is this the case when the pleural 

 membrane is involved; vmder these conditions the horse appears 

 afraid to turn or even move, and by way of confirmation that 

 pleuro-pneumonia is present, pressure of the finger between any 

 of the ribs will cause the animal to wince with pain; the difficulty- 

 experienced in breathing is due, as in capillary bronchitis, to the 

 fact that the air tubes, in their very small ramifications, are 

 blocked up and there is no room for the air to pass in and out as 

 the animal breathes, and in addition to this, those air tubes of the 

 next larger calibre to the finest of all, where they are not abso- 



