APPENDIX 263 



Amcela coli first found in stool by Lambl, 1860, and recog- 

 nized as the cause of dysentery by Losch, 1875. Trichomonas, 

 Donne, 1836. Lamblia intestinalis, Lambl, 1859. Balantidium 

 coli, Malmsten, 1857, recognized as a cause of dysentery by 

 Strong and Musgrave, 1902. 



This list, though giving the names of the actual discoverers 

 and the dates, does not necessarily imply that the only or 

 even the main credit is due to the actual discoverers. 



Most discoveries are founded on antecedent ones ; the part 

 played by mosquitoes in carrying malaria is based on the 

 previous observations of Manson on the transmission of 

 Filaria. 



Improvement in methods of technique leads directly to 

 further discoveries, and the introduction of a simple rapid 

 method of staining for chromatin by Leishman led to the 

 discovery of the Leishman-Donovan bodies and their relation- 

 ship to flagellates. In other cases, discoveries have been 

 made independently by two or more workers nearly at the 

 same time. The Spiroch&ta duttoni was discovered indepen- 

 dently by Button and Todd very shortly after P. Ross. 



In trypanosomiasis, though Castellani discovered the para- 

 site in cases of sleeping-sickness, the fuller confirmation of 

 the causal connection and the mode of transmission is mainly 

 due to Bruce and others. It is rare to find that the credit of 

 any discovery is due to one man only. 



Nor can the influence of the English Tropical Schools, 

 founded in 1899, be ignored, nor their founders, including Sir 

 Patrick Manson, Mr. J. Chamberlain and Sir Alfred Jones. 



II. IMPORTANT MEASUREMENTS. 



i n (micron) ... = o-ooi millimetre or ^-00 of an mcn 



nearly. 



i millimetre ... = 0*04 or J- 5 - inch. 

 25 millimetres ... i inch. 



i centimetre ... = 0-39 of an inch. 



i gramme ... = 15*432 grains. 



28 grammes ... i ounce, nearly. 



i cubic centimetre = 16-23 minims, and weighs at 4 C. 



i gramme. 

 28 cubic centimetres = i ounce, nearly. 



i litre = if pints or 35 ounces, nearly. 



