112 



TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 



through the subcutaneous tissue, so close to the surface 

 that they can be easily felt and seen through the cuticle. 

 Often they pass under the conjunctiva. They may 

 sometimes be transfixed and killed, but are not easy to 

 extract as they move rapidly and dive -down into the 

 deeper tissues when an incision is made. 



FIG. ^.Filaria loa. The anterior FIG. 50. Filaria loa. The 



extremity of a male, magnified. (After posterior end of a male, mag- 



R. Blanchard.) nified. (After R. Blanchard.) 



Additional smaller papillae are described by Leiper. 



When they move in the deeper parts of the subcuta- 

 neous tissue or in the muscles they sometimes cause 

 painful swellings Calabar swellings. These do not sup- 

 purate and usually subside in a few days, though others 

 may appear elsewhere even before the subsidence of the 

 first. In the wrists and forearms these tumours may cause 

 serious inconvenience. The swelling may be considera- 

 able and is deep-seated. In some cases the whole limb 

 may be swollen and give rise to a suspicion of elephan- 

 tiasis. It is easily distinguished as the skin is quite 



