PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 



The appearance of the United States Pharmacopoeia IX and the 

 National Formulary IV, with the many changes in the lists and 

 definitions of officially recognized vegetable drugs made it necessary 

 to revise the former edition of this work. 



In the course of revision, the writer has taken cognizance of the 

 growing 'importance of Botany in* the curricula of pharmaceutical 

 institutions and has accordingly expanded upon the subject matter 

 of the former text. 



With the adoption for the first time by the new United States 

 Pharmacopoeia of pharmacognic standards for numerous drugs, 

 Pharmacognosy has risen to the forefront in this country as a science. 

 While its proper comprehension requires laboratory instruction in 

 chemistry, physics, and crystallography as well as botany, neverthe- 

 less a rather extended foundation in structural botany stands out 

 preeminently as the most needed requirement. 



The work has been for the most part remodeled. Chapter I deals 

 with Fundamental Considerations. Chapter II is devoted to the 

 life history of the Male Fern, a median type of plant, the considera- 

 tion of which, after the students have received fundamental practice 

 in the use of the microscope, the writer has found commendable, for 

 it not only gives beginners a working knowledge of structures and 

 functions, the homologies and analogies of which will be met in the 

 later study of forms of higher and lower domain, but holds their 

 interest on account of its economic importance. 



The life history of a type of Gymnosperm, White Pine, is next 

 taken up in Chapter III. Chapter IV considers the life history of an 

 Angiosperm as well as coordinates the resemblances and differences 

 between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Chapters V, VI and 

 VII are devoted respectively to Vegetable Cytology, Plant Tissues 

 and Plant Organs and Organisms. Among the many additions ta 



