4 6 



PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



DESCRIPTION OF THE WHITE PINE TREE (MATURE 

 SPOROPHYTE) 



From an underground spreading root system there arises an erect 

 aerial trunk or stem that extends from the ground to the apex of the 

 tree, ending in a terminal bud. The trunk rarely exceeds 3 feet in 

 diameter and 125 feet in height and is averagely ij^ to 3 feet in 



PIG. 20. Transverse section of white pine needle (leaf) showing epidermis (a), 

 infolded parenchyma cells of mesophyll (b, &') oil reservoir (c), endodermis (d), 

 clear cellular area (e) surrounding fibro vascular tissue in center (/). X4OO. 



diameter and 50 to 90 feet high. At a varying distance above the 

 soil, depending upon environal conditions as well as the age of plant, 

 whorls of lateral branches (three to seven in a whorl) are seen ema- 

 nating from the trunk in horizontal fashion at various levels up to 

 near the apex. These become, under conditions prevalent when the 

 tree is grown in the open, gradually shorter until the summit is 



