96 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



2. Fat and Oil Ferment : 



Lipase splits up fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerin. It is 

 found m various mildews, molds and numerous oily seeds and other 

 fatty-oil storage regions of higher plants. 



3. Proteinaceous Ferments : 



Pepsin converts proteids into proteoses and peptones. 



Trypsin, found in yeast, Boletus edulis, Amanita species, etc., 

 resolves proteins to peptones and amino-acids. 



Bromelin, found in the fruit of the Pineapple and Papayin (Pa- 

 pain), found in the latex of the fruit of the Papaw, act similarly to 

 trypsin. 



Nepenthin, found in the pitchers of Nepenthes species, acts simi- 

 larly to pepsin. 



4. Glucoside Ferments : 



Emulsin (synaptase), found in the seeds of the Bitter Almond, 

 Cherry Laurel leaves, in the barks of the Wild Black Cherry and 

 Choke Cherry and in other Rosaceous plant parts, in Manihot 

 utilissima, 'Polygala species, etc., hydrolyzes the glucoside present 

 (either amygdalin or 1-mandelonitrile glucoside) to hydrocyanic 

 acid, benzaldehyde and glucose. 



Myrosin (myronase), found in the seeds of Brassica nigra and 

 other members of the Crucifera, converts the glucoside, Sinigrin, 

 into ally-iso-sulphocyanide and glucose. 



Rhamnase, found in Rhamnus Frangula and probably other species 

 of Rhamnus, hydrolyzes the glucoside frangulin to rhamnose and 

 emodin. 



Gaultherase, found in Gaultheria procumbens and other Erica- 

 ceous plants, resolves the glucoside, gaultherin, to methyl-salicylate 

 and glucose. 



CELL WALLS 



The cell walls of plants make up the plant skeleton. They are all 

 formed by the living contents of the cells (protoplasts) during cell- 

 divisions. In most plants the cell wall when first formed consists of 

 cellulose, (CeHioC^n, a carbohydrate, or closely allied substances. 

 It may remain of such composition or become modified to meet cer- 



