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PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



A Regular Flower possesses parts of each whorl of the same shape 

 and size, as the flower of Veratrum. 



It is Symmetrical when the parts of each whorl are of the same 

 number, or multiples of the same number. 



An Imperfect Flower shows one set of essential organs wanting. 



When either petals or sepals, or both, are present in more than the 

 usual number, the flower is said to be "double" as the cultivated 



PIG. 93. Diagrams of floral structures. A, Shows the relations of the floral 

 parts in a hypogynous flower; B, the same in a perigynous flower; C, the same 

 in an epigynous flower; D, a stamen; E, a simple pistil in longitudinal section; 

 F, the same in cross-section; G, transitional forms between true petals (left) and 

 true stamens (right); H, slight union of two carpels to form a compound pistil; 

 / and J, union of carpels more complete; K and L, cross-sections of compound 

 pistils, of three carpels. In B: a, stamen; b, petal; c, sepal; d, pistil; e, receptacle; 

 /, pedicel. In D: a, anther cell; b, connective; c, filament. In E: a, stigma; 

 b, style; c, ovules; d, ovary. (From Hamaker.) 



Rose and Carnation. The doubling of flowers is brought about 

 through cultivation and is due either to the transformation of sta- 

 mens (as in cases cited), and occasionally of carpels into petals, to a 

 division of the petals, or to the formation of a new series of petals. 

 If the pistils are present and stamens wanting, the flower is called 

 Distillate, or female; if it possesses stamens but no pistil, it is described 

 as staminate, or male; if both are absent, neutral, as marginal flow- 

 ers of Viburnum. Some plants, as the Begonias and Castor oil, bear 

 both staminate and pistillate flowers, and are called Monoecious. 



