208 



PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



Roses consists of a number of akenes in a ripened concave 

 receptacle. 



The Utricle is like the akene, except that the enveloping calyx is 

 loose and bladder-like. Example: Chenopodium, Fig. 101 (3)'. 



A Caryopsis or Grain is similar to an akene but differs from it by 

 the pericarp being always fused with the seed coat. This fruit is 



- Ctt 



FIG. 101. Achenial fruits, i, Akene of Pulsatilla cut vertically, showing 

 adherent feathery style (si), pericarp (p), testa (0, endosperm (e), hypocotyl (h) 

 and cotyledons (cot) the last two structures making up the embryo; 2, caryopsis 

 of wheat showing beard of hairs above and position of embryo of seed below; 

 3, utricle of Chenopodium cut vertically to show calyx (c), pericarp (p) and seed 

 (s) regions; 4, nut of an oak consisting of a glans (g) and cupule (CM). 



more likely than any other to be mistaken for a seed. Examples: 

 Wheat, Corn, Barley, Oats and other members of the Graminea, 

 Fig. 101 (2). 



A Nut or Glans is a one-celled, one-seeded fruit with a leathery 

 or stony pericarp. Examples: Oaks, Beeches, Chestnuts, Alders 

 and Palms, Fig. 101 (4). 



IV. Baccate Fruits (Succulent fruits in which the endocarp is 

 always succulent and the mesocarp sometimes). The Berry is a 

 small fleshy fruit with a thin membranous epicarp and a succulent 

 interior in which the seeds are imbedded. Examples: Capsicum, 

 Tomato, Belladonna, Grape, Currant, etc. 



