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PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



Saccharomyces ellipsoideus is a wild species, several varieties of 

 which are found growing on grapes especially in districts where wine 

 is produced. It is termed the true wine, yeast to distinguish it 

 from other wild species found in grape juice, like S. apiculatus and 

 S. membranifaciens which exert a deleterious effect in wine produc- 

 tion. Its cells are ellipsoidal, 6/x long, occurring singly or in rows 

 of several generations, which are rather loosely joined. 



Order 2. Pezizales or cup fungi. Examples: Peziza, Lachnea 

 and Ascobolus. 



FIG. 129. Saucer-shapes fruit-bodies of Peziza repanda. (Harshberger, from 

 Photo by W. H. Walmsley.) 



Parasitic or saprophytic plants, whose vegetative bodies consist of 

 a mycelium ramifying through the substratum and whose above 

 ground fruiting bodies are sessile or stalked, cup or saucer-shaped 

 structure termed apothecia (sing, apothecium), in which a fruiting 

 membrane (hymenium) lines the concave upper surface. The asci 

 are usually eight-spored and separated from each other by filament- 

 ous structures called paraphyses. (Figs. 129 and 130.) 



.Order 3. Plectascales, the blue and green molds. Examples: 

 Aspergillus and Penicillium. 



