PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



ORDER i. FILICALES OR TRUE FERNS (HOMOSPOROUS) 



Family Poly podia cea. Sporangia with annulus vertical and 

 incomplete. 



The rhizomes and stipes of Dryopteris filix-mas and Dryopteris mar- 

 ginalis are official in the U. S. P. The fibro-vascular bundles of 

 these are concentric in type but differ from the concentric fibro- 

 vascular bundles of some monocotyledons in that xylem is inner- 

 most and phloem surrounds the xylem. 



FIG. 159. Cyrtomyim falcalum. Under (dorsal) surface of a portion of a 

 sporophyll, showing the numerous sori on the pinnae. (Gager.) 



ORDER 2. HYDROPTERALES OR WATER FERNS 

 (HETEROSPOROUS) 



Family Sahiniacea. Floating ferns with broad floating leaves and 

 submerged dissected leaves which bear sporocarps. Examples: Sal- 



mnia and Azolla. 



DIVISION IV. SPERMATOPHYTA (PHANEROGAMIA) 



Plants producing real flowers and seeds. The highest evolved 

 division of the vegetable kingdom. 



SUBDIVISION I. GYMNOSPERM^: THE GYMNOSPERMS 



The Gymnosperms comprise an ancient and historic group of seed 

 plants which were more numerous in the Triassic and Carboniferous 



