316 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY* 



a bony nut-shell and a four-lobed seed. It embraces five genera, 

 of which Carya (Hicoria) and Juglans are represented in the United 

 States, and about 35 species. 



Official drug Part used Botanical name Habitat 



Juglans N. F. Inner root bark Juglans cineiea United States 



Betulacea or Birch Family. A family of aromatic trees or shrubs 

 distinguished by monoecious flowers with scaly bracts and astringent 

 resinous bark. Differs from Fagacea by superior ovary and absence 

 of cupule. To this family belong the hazelnuts, birches, alders, the 

 ironwood, and the hornbean. 



Official drug Part used Botanical name Habitat 



(Oleum Betulae) Volatile oil Betula lenta North America 



Methylis salicylas 



V. Order Fagales. Fagacece or Beech Family (Cupuliferce) . 

 Beeches, Chestnuts, Oaks, the trees of this family are found in the 

 temperate forests of the eastern and western hemispheres and com- 

 prise about 368 species. North America has over 50 species of oaks; 

 2 species of Chestnuts; i species of beech and'i species of golden- 

 leaved chestnut. The most important American oaks used for 

 building, for furniture, for cooperage, for wagons, for tanning leather 

 etc. are white oak, Quercus alba; chestnut oak, Q. prinus, black oak, 

 Q. velutina] live oak, Q. mrginiana\ swamp white oak, Q. platanoides', 

 cow oak, Q. Michauxii, and the two Pacific coast oaks, Q. chyrso- 

 lepis and post oak, Q. garryana. The uses of the fast disappearing 

 Chestnut, Castanea dentata, are well known. The wood of the beech, 

 Fagus grandifolia, is used for chairs, tool handles, plane stocks, shoe 

 lasts and for fuel. The nuts (mast) fatten hogs and feed wild ani- 

 mals and birds. The cork of commerce is obtained from the bark of 

 Quercus Suber and Quercus occidentalis , plants indigenous to Spain 

 and France. 



The above trees are all monoecious, that is the staminate (male) 

 and pistillate (female) flowers are distinct from each other, but borne 

 on the same tree. Most of the species are trees, a few oaks are 

 shrubs. The leaves are simple, netted-veined and alternate. A 

 pair of deciduous stipules are found at the base of the leaf-stalk 



