TAXONOMY 



355 



Senega) or head (P. luted). Flowers irregular, hermaphroditic 

 with commonly eight stamens. Fruit a two-celled capsule (P. 

 Senega), rarely a drupe or samara. Pollen grains barrel-shaped. 



Official drug Part used Botanical origin Habitat 



Senega k ,/\ . Root Polygala Senega United States and 



Canada 



Euphorbiacea or Spurge Family. Often herbaceous, more rarely 

 shrubby, rather seldom arborescent plants. Stem, leaves and other 

 parts in several genera traversed by latex canals that are either 

 ramifying cells (Euphorbias) or laticiferous vessels (Manihot, 

 Hevea, etc.) or rows of laticiferous sacs (Micrandra) and contain 

 a white latex with acrid often poisonous contents or alkaloid or 

 hydrocarbon, at times, rubber contents. Leaves alternate, exstipu- 

 late to stipulate, simple to pinnate or palmate. Inflorescence 

 cymose. Flowers usually as in Ricinus, etc, pentamerous, diclin- 

 ous; sepals five, green, aposepalous, becoming rudimentary or ab- 

 sent in Anthostema and Euphorbia. Petals none or five more or less 

 petaloid; stamens numerous to ten to five or one(Euphorbia) ; 

 pistil in pistillate flowers rarely of twenty to ten apocarpous or 

 loosely syncarpous carpels (Sandbox tree), commonly of three syn- 

 carpous carpels with distinct radiate styles; ovary as many-celled 

 as carpels with two to one ovules in each cell. Fruit a tricoccoid 

 regma or capsule, rarely winged, indehiscent, nut-like. Seeds with 

 oily endosperm. Flowers at times surrounded and subtended by 

 more or less petaloid and expanded bracts and bracteoles. 



Official name Part used 



Euphorbia "Herb 

 Pilalifera N.F. 



Stillingia Root 



Botanical origin Habitat 



Euphorbia piluliferaTropics and sub- 

 tropics 

 Stillingia sylvatica 



Ricinus communis. 

 Croton tiglium 

 Croton Eluteria 



Southern United 



States 



Asia and Africa 

 Asia 

 West Indies 



Elastica 



Prepared latex 



Manihot utilissima 

 Mallotus 



philippinensis 

 Hevea braziliensis Brazil 



and other species 



South America 

 Asia 



