TAXONOMY 



371 



Echinocereus , etc.), to greatly condensed (Mamillaria). Leaves 

 alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, enlarged and more or less fleshy 

 (Peireskia), becoming reduced, green and semicircular (Opuntia), 

 or modified into spines, or wholly absorbed. Flowers, regular, 

 solitary or fascicled in axils of leaves; sepals five; petals similar to 

 sepals, petaloid, small to much enlarged, in color varying from yellow 

 to white or from yellow to yellowish-pink, pink, scarlet or crimson; 

 stamens indefinite, inserted at varying levels in the throat of a greatly 

 expanded upgrown receptacle; pistil generally tricarpellary; ovary 

 inferior, often deeply sunk in upgrown receptacular part; style thread- 

 like, divided above into as many stigmas as carpels. Fruit a recept- 

 acular berry enclosing numerous small seeds. Seeds exalbuminous. 



Official drug 

 Cactus 

 Grandiflorus 



N.F. 



Part used Botanical origin 



Fresh succulent Cactus grandiflorus 

 stems (Cereus grandiflorus) 



Habitat 



Tropical America 



XXI. Order Myrtales (Myrtiflorae). Thymelevcece or Mezereum 

 Family. Shrubs (Daphne Mezereum) or low trees, usually of branch- 

 ing habit, the stems developing long tenacious bast fibers. Leaves 

 alternate, rarely opposite, coriaceous, simple, varying from lanceolate 

 to ovate. Inflorescence a condensed raceme or spike. Flowers 

 perfect, polygamous or dioecious, small with calyx alone of the 

 perianth parts developed. This is crimson-purple in Daphne 

 Mezereum. Sepals usually fused to form a tube or cup-shaped 

 perianth. Stamens usually eight in two rows of four longer and 

 four shorter (Daphne Mezereum) inserted on the calyx tube. Pistil 

 monocarpellary; ovary superior mostly one-celled with a single 

 pendulous ovule. Fruit a nut, drupe, or berry (Daphne). 



Official drug Part used 



Mezereum Bark 



Botanical origin 



Daphne Mezereum 

 Daphne Gnidium 

 Daphne Laureola 



Habitat 



Europe and Asia 



Punicacece (Lythracecz) or Pomegranate Family. Herbs (Cuphea), 

 shrubs (Decadon) or low trees (Punica). Leaves either alternate, 

 opposite (Punica) or whorled, simple, usually lanceolate to ovate, 

 entire, often glandular and viscous. Inflorescence a raceme, spike, 



