404 



PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



florets that may be : (a) wholly regular, tubular and hermaphrodite 

 (Thistle, etc.); or (b) central florets as in (a), but marginals strap- 

 shaped or ligulate and usually pistillate (Daisy, Dahlia, etc.); or 

 (c) florets all ligulate and hermaphrodite (Dandelion, Chicory, etc.) ; 

 or (d) florets in part or in whole bilabiate (Mutisia, etc.). Flowers 



__ 6fy b - 



^ ^pappus 

 receptacle 



I c/v 



-ovary 



'sca\e 



ovary vw// 

 ovule 



FIG. 235. Capitulum of a composite Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus 

 tuberosus). A, lengthwise section of capitulum, X i; B, ray flower, X 6; C, disk 

 flower, cut lengthwise, x 6. (A after Baillon, B and C, Robbins.) 



small (florets) closely crowded, pentamerous, shaped as above, with 

 ovary inferior and other floral parts superior. Sepals rudimentary, 

 tooth-like (Sunflower), or reduced to a pappose or hairy rudiment 

 above ovary that is functionless during flowering, but that expands in 

 fruit as a hairy fruit disseminator (Dandelion, Thistle, etc.); or 

 sepals wholly absorbed (Daisy). Petals synpetalous, tubular, ligu- 



