lb 



ing manure. When in autumn the yard is emptied of manul-e^ 

 he would fill (bed) it with ihe vegetable matter or substance 

 of salt marsh, or fresh meadows, or the earth from low places 

 (such as are found on many farms,) or head-lands, and scrap- 

 ings of ditches ; and over this bed lay straw, ordinary hay, bot- 

 tom stalks of corn, thatch and weeds — any or all of them, as 

 they can be obtained. And from the time the stock are put to 

 hay, until they are turned out to pasture in the spring, they 

 should not go beyond the limits of the barn yard ; within which 

 they should be supplied with water. [Then their dung and 

 urine will not be wasted in the roads, or uselessly scattered over 

 the fields, while they are picking up a pittance of miserable, 

 sapless fog, or dead grass.] The cattle are to be kept in the 

 barn yard at night, during the summer, or season of pasturing. 



When in autumn, manure is carted to the fields, and dropped 

 in heaps, to lie until the ensuing spring, those heaps should be 

 hovered with earth, to prevent loss by washing rains and evapo- 

 ration. 



In applying his manure, in the spring, Mr. Andrews mixes 

 the old with the new, for grass-land broken up for planting : 

 but if the land is already in a state of tillage, he spreads the 

 new manure (winter dung) and immediately ploughs it in ; 

 and puts the old manure in the hills. 



Having on his farm a quantity of wet meadow land, producing 

 only coarse grass, he ditched and drained it ; and then, without 

 ploughing, spread his compost manure upon it, and sowed 

 herd's grass seed. Under this management, he was able to cut 

 from two to three tons of good hay to the acre. He gives this 

 land a top-dressing of compost manure every other year. The 

 soil of this meadow is rich earth lying on a clay bottom. Mr- 

 Reed's productive meadow has a like soil, ten to fifteen inchei 

 deep, lying on a close bottom of clay mingled with sand. 



W^hen Mr. Andrews ploughs his grass up-land, he puts on 

 eighteen or twenty loads of manure to an acre : and harvest* 

 from each acre about sixty bushels of corn, and vegetables in 

 proportion. 



From twenty head of cattle, two horses, and his swine, with 

 ■he materials collected and used in the process, as above de- 



