The Juniper^ 



CC. Twigs slender, stiff, erect; berry bright blue. 



{J. scopulorum) rocky mountain juniper 

 CCC. Twigs stout; berry dark blue with pale bloom; 

 seeds 2 to 3. 

 D. Leaves in threes, grey-green; tree a broad, low 

 . crown of large horizontal branches. 



(/. occidentalis) western juniper 

 DD. Leaves in twos, blue-green; tree a tall, narrow 

 pyramid. 



{J. Virginiana) red juniper — red cedar 



The junipers are distinguished from most other evergreens 

 by the fact that they are not cone bearers. The flowers are incon- 

 spicuous, and similar to a true conifer's, but in course of develop- 

 ment the scales thicken and grow together, forming a sweet, 

 berry-like fruit. On many of these berries the tips of the cone 

 scales may be distinctly seen on the outer surface. Junipers 

 usually show two kinds of leaves: (i) stiff, spiny, narrow ones, 

 channelled and free; (2) minute, scale-like ones, opposite in 

 pairs and pressed close to the twig. The sap is resinous and 

 aromatic. The wood is hard, reddish, durable and light — in 

 certain species pleasantly fragrant. 



Thirty-five species of junipers are distributed over the North- 

 ern Hemisphere, contributing to the wealth of the world valuable 

 woods and ornamental trees and shrubs. Our own red juniper 

 has over thirty cultivated varieties. The narrow, tapering spire, 

 the globe of compact green and the pigmy forms — all are well 

 adapted to formal gardening. The effects produced by the 

 classic cypress in warmer climates may be reproduced in Northern 

 gardens by the use of junipers. 



The junipers are hardy over wide stretches of territory, and 

 will grow on sterile soil. They resist unfavourable climates and 

 thrive, as a rule, when transplanted. They love the sun and the 

 wind. Better trees could not be provided for windbreaks against 

 sea breezes, on a barren, exposed coast. They are multiplied by 

 seeds, cuttings and layers, as well as by grafting. Seeds take 

 two or three years to germinate. 



Several Asiatic and European junipers are cultivated in 

 America in various horticultural forms. Naturally, a tribe so 

 submissive to the gardener's shears has long been under his care. 

 Our native species are often seen in European gardens, and J. com- 

 munis, Linn., of Europe is often planted here in its narrow, spiny 



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