^- '^'■"'' D. Details of fruit anrl fruit scales A I'istillate flow=rs B. Stamin.ite fl. wer? 



THE CANOE BIRCH {Betula papyrijera) 

 The bark of this tree is a dull, chalky white, and curls away from its few furrows in horizontal plates. On old trees the 

 bases of the trunks are dark-coloured. The winter twigs often end in three stiff catkins, the staminate flowers sealed tight to pass 

 the winter. In April the ovate leaves come out with the flowers, the green pistillate catkir.s erect to catch pollen. Ir autumn the 

 seeds fall away from the 3-lobed scales in the pencil-like cones. Each seed has a pair of broad wings 



