IDENTIFICATION OF TREES. 197 



28. Pith chambered but with cha«ibers confined to ^^e^^^des.^ . . . ^. . ... 



28. Pith" when' chamiaVred with 'chambers 'not confined to the noaes -lii 



29 Pith brown, wide, with hollow chambers ; fruit a nut 30 



29! Pith light colored, narrow; fruit a small stone-fruit 31 



^0 Downy patch present above leaf-scar; nut elongated. ■ • • :,\\ 



dU. uowny pdtc f Butternut (Jugians ctnerea) p.::64 



10 Downy 'patch 'absent 'from leaf-scar ; nut rouna. :•••••• • • • 



rfu. i^owny PAH. Black Waluut (Juylans nigra J i».266 



^1 Pith with hollow chambers; buds brown, terminal bud absent, 

 lateral buds appressed Hackberry (Celtis occidentalisj p.330 



31 Pith with woody partitions in the solid ground-mass; buds reddish, 

 ' terminal bud present, lateral buds divergent .......... 



Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatxca) p.420 



32 Leaf-scars regularly 2-ranked, i.e. arranged in 2 longitudinal rows 



32. Leaf-scars regularly more tlian 2-ranked, i.e. in more than 2 rows 

 on the twig '*^ 



33 Terminal bud absent (the last lateral bud may appear to be ter- 

 minal but absence of terminal bud is shown by small scar at 

 end of twig) {^ 



33 Terminal bud present "^^ 



34 Stipule-scars nearly encircling twig; buds long and narrow, 

 generally over 5 times as long as wide, divergent; bud-scales in 

 pairs, 4-ranked, 10 or more scales visible Beech (Fagus) p.294 



34 Stipule-scars when present relatively short; buds stouter, generally 

 " not over 4 times as long as wide; bud-scales less numerous 35 



35. Buds stalked ^I^ 



35. Buds not stalked "* ' 



36 Buds, for the most part naked, i.e. with undeveloped leaves serving 

 ■ the function of scales; woody, 4-parted fruits and the remains of 



last season's nowers generally present ....... ... ... 



Witch Hazel (Hamamehs virginiana) p.344 



36. Buds 'covered 'with bud-scales; fruit a woody ^^"j^;^^^^^/^^^^J^\"- p;2»2 



37 Leaf-scars very narrow. V-shaped, swollen at the 3 bundle-scars; 

 buds long, appressed; bud-scale tipped with dark point; .stipule- 

 scars absent Shad Bush (Amelanchxer canadensis) p.SoS 



37 Leaf-scars relatively broad; buds shorter; bud-scale without con- 

 * spicuous dark point: stipule-scars present though often mcon- 

 spicuous 



38. Bundle-scars 3; bark of young stem and branches with horizon- 

 tally elongated lenticels. often peeling into papery layers; pith 

 generally elliptical often with irregularly toothed edges; fruit a 

 catkin, immature catkins generally present on tree in winter. 



Birch (Betula) 104 



3S Buiidie-scar's "several; "lent i'c'e'ls not horizontally elongated; bark 

 never peeling in papery layers; pith more or less 5-pointed star- 

 shaped; fruit a bur Chestnut (Castanea dentata) p.29« 



39 Leaf-scar almost entirely surrounding the buds; buds brown, hairy, 

 several massed together to form a bud-like cone; bundle-scars 



raised, generally 5 in a single curved li"^- •••••••.••••;••• U'^sft 



Yellow AVood (Cladrastts liitea) p.386 



39. Le'af -scar' not 'm'o'r'e than half surrounding the bud; buds not massed 

 together into a hairy cone 



40 Bundle-scars 3 or more in a single curved line. . . . . ... . . 43 



40 Bundle-scars more than 3 in a closed ellipse, double line, vari- 

 ously clustered or irregularly scattered 41 



41. 2-3 scales visible to a bud; bundle-scars not prominently pro- 

 iecting 



41 4 or more scales visible to a bud; bundle-scars rather prominently 

 ■ projecting Mulberry (MorusJ 141 



