IDENTIFICATION OF TREES. 201 



83 Buds ^herical or nearly so; bud-scales thick, shining; twigs more 

 ''■ or less^zigzag. often thorny ; fruit a small ^pome.^ ' (d^-aiaeousj p.360 

 83. Buds 'Aot 'spherical, longer than broad 84 



84 Twies o-enerally gray-woolly toward apex; buds blunt, brown-hairy 

 ''■ It"\!?;°i;\^;u,e-^s?ars^at the ^i^es o^Jeaf-scar.^^ .^. .^.^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 



84 Twins' smooth" or' downy but not woolly; buds pointed, generally 

 ''■ ^r^offhTr^'somewhat downy; stipule-scars -ore or le^^s^^behmd 

 leaf-scar 



THE PINES 

 Pinus. 



rudimentary branch which is subtended '^y ,^,^^^l^i'^,? the second or 



the light with a hand-lens. Twig photographs are about y^ natural size. 



85.' 5 needles in a cluster White Pine (Finns Strobus) p.210 



85. Less than 5 needles in a cluster 



86. 3 needles in a cluster Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida) p.212 



86. 2 needles in a cluster 



87 Needles 3-6 in long, cones at right angles to branch ■■••••••• ■.JJ' 



8?: Neldlls 1/2-3% in long, cones pointing either backward or for- 



ward 



88 CiS'yeliowis^h-b^ownV leaves thicker and stiff, resin-ducts 

 between periphery and bundle; European species. .••••;• • ■ • • • - • 



...r... Austrian Pine (Pinus Laricio, var. austriaca) p.218 



89. Cones pointing forward, leaves %-!% in. long dark Y^^^^^ 

 green, resin-ducts between Pe^Ph^ery^^and.bjmd^ 



c'o'nes'poinU'ng"ba'ckward,"leaves IV^.-SM: in. long, bluish-green. 

 y!!l^".^^?!' .^^''.^."I^'^l^. .''"!'^^.'^ Seo^teh pine (Pinm syivesMs) p'.226 



THE LARCHES 

 Larix. 



89. 



Pvramidal deciduous-leaved, cone-bearing trees; twigs with resi^^^^^^ 



with densely clustered leaf-scars abundant. 



Cones %-% inch long with few scales; twigs pale reddish-brown; 

 a native tree growing in swamps^^^.^^. • -„VeW ' rL«W:r ' iaw'c'inarp',222 

 Co'n'e's"i'inch"o'r 'm'ore'l'ong with many scales; twigs yellowish. 



90. 

 90. 



T.''^'^'' ^u^o^^ul^lJrlV under Comparisons p...: 



THE SPRUCES 

 Picea. 



vverereen nvramidal trees with scaly bark, alternate scattered 4- 

 anl ed^[elves^\virhout proper leaf-stalks but perched on Persistent 

 de?urrent proiections from the bark and ovate to cylindrical pendant 

 ?ones which ?inoff"fhe tree entire. The Spruces are distinguished from 

 the Balsam Fir by the 4-sided scattered leaves, the projecting leaf scars 

 and the scaly bark. Twig photographs are about V& natural size. 



