206 TREES IN WIKTER 



131, Buds downy, lateral buds generally appressed; older twigs often 

 with corky ridges Bur Oak (W> (Quercus macrocarpaj p.30:i 



131. Buds smooth, lateral buds divergent, twigs without corky ridges 

 Chinquapin Oak (W) (Quercus MuhlenbergiiJ p.SOG 



132. Twigs of past season dull, finely downy; shrubs 



• • • : Bear Oak (B) (Quercus ilicifolia) p.326 



132. Twigs smooth, shining; slender pin-like twigs numerous, arising 



at nearly a right angle with the branchlets; trees 



Pin Oak (B) (Quercus palustrisj p'.sii 



133, Bark on branchlets peeling into long, dark, stiff-papery lavers. 

 Swamp AVIiite Oak (W) (Quercus bicolorj p.304 



133, Bark on branchlets not peeling into long, dark, stiff-papery lay- 

 ers 134 



134, Twigs slender, generally not over 2 mm, thick; shrubs 135 



134, Twigs stout, generally over 2 mm. thick; trees 136 



135, Bark of trunk smooth; young acorns generally found on winter 



twigs; buds more generally conical 



Bear Oak (B) (Quercus ilicifolia) p.326 



135. Bark of trunk flaky; young acorns never found on winter twig-s. 

 Dwarf Chinquapin Oak (W) (Quercus prinoidesJp.SOS 



136, Lateral buds generally appressed; buds densely downy; older twigs 

 often with corky rides. Bur Oak (W) (Quercus macrocarpa) p.302 



136, Lateral buds divergent; buds not densely downy; twigs without 

 corky ridges 137 



137. Twigs at least in part covered with very fine close orange-brown 

 down; buds generally nearly hemispherical and about as broad as 

 long Post Oak (W) (Quercus stellata) p.300 



137. Twigs smooth; buds broadly ovate, distinctlv longer than broad. 

 AVhite Oak (W) (Quercus alba) p.298 



THE ELMS 

 Ulmus. 



Leaf-scars alternate, 2-ranked, semi-circular, small, but conspicuous, 

 covered with a light corky layer; bnndle-scars prominent, 3 to several, 

 sunken; terminal bud absent, lateral buds medium sized with 2 ranks 

 of over-lapping bud-scales; twigs slender; bark ridged; fruit small, flat, 

 winged, ripening in spring. 



138. Twigs gray and rough and strongly mucilaginous if chewed; tips 



of buds conspicuous with long rusty hairs 



Slippery Elm (Ulmus fulva) p.322 



138. Twigs neither gray and rough nor strongly mucilaginous; buds 

 without long rusty hairs 139 



139. Buds chestnut brown; bud-scales with darker margins; bark 

 ridged; native species 140 



139, Buds smoky brown to almost black; bud-scales nearly uniform in 

 color, bark firmer, roughened into dark oblong blocks; trunk 

 mostly continuous into crown with stout limbs arising at a broad 



angle; head. "Oak-like;" European species 



English Elm (Ulmus campestris) p.324 



140. Twigs often with corky ridges; trunk generally continuous into 

 crown with stiff dependent lower branches; head narrow, "Hickory- 

 like." Cork Elm (Ulmus racemosa) p.328 



140. Twigs without corRy ridges: trunk dividing into several limbs, 

 spreading gradually upward and gracefully recurving; head broad. 

 "Elm-like." AVhite Elm (Ulmus americana) p.326 



THE MULBERRIES 

 Morus. 



Leaf-scars alternate, 2-ranked, nearly circular; stipule-scars narrow; 

 bundle-scars projecting in a closed ring or irregularly scattered; ter- 

 minal bud absent; bud-scales 2-ranked; twigs with milky juice. 



