216 TEEES IN WINTER 



RED PINE 



Norway Pine. 



Pinus resinosa Ait. 



HABIT — A tree 50-75 ft. in height with a trunk diameter of 2-3 ft., in 

 Maine, reaching a height of over 100 ft.; trunk erect, continuous into the 

 crown with stout spreading branches often dependent and ascending at 

 their tips, more distinctly whorled than in the Pitch Pine, in young trees 

 clothing the trunk to the ground, forming a broadly pyramidal head 

 becoming irregularly round-topped with age. Foliage in long flexible 

 dark green tufts. 



BARK — Reddish-brown, with shallow flat ridges, separating off in 

 irregular thin flaky scales. 



TWIGS — Stout, light reddish-brown, not downy, roughened by decur- 

 rent scales subtending leaf clusters especially toward base of each year's 

 growth. 



LEAVES — In clusters of 2, with long persistent sheaths, dark 

 green, shining, 3-6 inches long, slender, soft flexible, flattened on one 

 side, rounded on the other, with pointed tip. MICROSCOPIC SECTION 

 — showing 2 fibro-vascular bundles, peripheral resin-ducts, a 

 single layer of strengthening cells beneath the epidermis and around the 

 resin-ducts, stomata all around. 



BUDS — Oblong to conical, pointed; scales reddish-brown, 



FRUIT — Cones about 2 inches long, without stalks, ovate-conical, 

 when opened more or less spherical, making a right angle with the stem, 

 ripened cones remaining on the tree during winter. SCALES — thickened 

 at apex but without spines or prickers. 



COMPARISONS — The Red Pine with two long needles in a cluster 

 should not be confused with our other native New England Pines. It 

 resembles, however, the Austrian Pine, but may be distinguished from 

 this species by its more slender flexible needles (see under Austrian 

 Pine). 



DISTRIBUTION — In poor soils; sandy plains, dry woods. Newfound- 

 land and New Brunswick, throughout Quebec and Ontario, to the 

 southern end of Lake Winnipeg; south to Pennsylvania; west through 

 Michigan and Wisconsin to Minnesota. 



IN NEW ENGLAND — Maine — common, plains, Brunswick, (Cum- 

 berland county;) woods, Bristol (Lincoln county;) from Amherst 

 (westerji part of Hancock county) and Clifton (southeastern part of 

 Penobscot county) northward just east of the Penobscot river, the 

 predominant tree, generally on dry ridges and eskers, but in Green- 

 bush, and Passadunkeag growing abundantly on peat bogs with Black 

 Spruce; hillsides and lower mountains about Moosehead, scattered; New 

 Hampshire — ranges with the Pitch Pine as far north as the White 

 Mountains, but is less common, usually in groves of a few to several 

 hundred acres in extent; Vermont — less common than the White or 

 the Pitch Pine, but not rare; Massachusetts — still more local, in sta- 

 tions widely separated, single trees or small groups; Connecticut — rare 

 or local; Granby, Salisbury; Rhode Island — occasional. 



"WOOD — Light, hard, very close-grained, pale red, with thin yellow 

 often nearly white sapwood; largelv used in the construction of bridges 

 and buildings, for piles, masts and spars. The bark is occasionally used 

 for tanning leather. 



