IDENTIFICATION OF TREES. 433 



Peripheral. Situated near the margin. 



Pistil. The seed-bearing portion of the flower. 



Pith. The softer central portion of a twig. 



Pod. A dry fruit which spUts open at maturity. 



Pome. A fruit like the Apple or Pear. 



Pungent. Sharp to the taste. 



Pyramidal. Shaped like a pyramid with broadest portion at the base. 



Raceme. A simple cluster of stalked flowers arranged along an elongated 

 axis. 



Resin-duct. A tube for the conduction of resin seen in the leaves of the 

 Pines. 



Sapwood. The young living wood outside the heartwood. 



Saucer-shaped. Shaped like a saucer, shallower than cup-shaped. 



Scale. A small modified leaf seen in buds and cones. One of the flakes 

 into which the outer bark often divides. 



Scarious. Thin, dry and membranaceous, not green. 



Scurfy. Covered with small bran-like scales. 



Sepal. One of the divisions of the calyx. 



Sessile. Without a stalk. 



Shrub. A low woody growth, smaller than a tree and generally branching 

 near the base. 



S^nooth. Not rough nor hairy. 



Spray. The aggregate of smaller branches and branchlets. 



Spine. A sharp rigid outgrowth from the stem. 



Spur. A short, slowly-grown branchlet. 



Stamens. The pollen-bearing portions of a flower. 



Staw,inate. Having stamens ; said of trees bearing only male flowers. 



Sterile. Not producing seed. 



Stipular. Similar in form or position to stipules. 



Stipules. Two small leaf-like bodies located at the base of the leaf-stalk 

 in some species. 



Stipule-scar. The scar left by the fall of a stipule (fig. 100). 



Stomata. Breathing pores in leaves. 



Stone-fruit. A fruit like that of the Cherry. The same as drupe. 



Strengthening cells. Thick walled cells present in the leaves of some of che 

 Pines. 



Striate. Longitudinally streaked. 



Submerged. Covered, as by the bark. 



Sucker. A shoot arising from below ground. 



Superposed buds. Accessory buds above the axillary bud, as in the Butter- 

 nut (fig. 101). 



Surface-sectioned. Cut parallel to and near the surface. 



