BACILLUS TYPHOSUS 111 



task. Infective material consists of feces, urine, expectora- 

 tion, and possibly perspiration. Any of these may infect 

 bed or body linen, and the last can spread the bacilli on 

 dishes or hands. All discharges should be received in carbolic 

 acid solutions, well mixed and allowed to stand half an hour 

 before emptying into a drain. Clothing of all kinds should 

 be soaked in carbolic or corrosive sublimate solution for an 

 hour, and then boiled. The same procedure should be fol- 

 lowed with glasses and eating utensils. The mouth should 



FIG. 34. Microscopic field, showing the top of a hanging drop in a normal 

 typhoid culture. (Park.) 



be washed or wiped with boric acid solution frequently. A 

 dish of bichloride, 1 to 2000, should be convenient, so that 

 the nurse or visitor may cleanse the hands frequently. 



The typhoid bacillus is an organism exerting its noxious 

 power by means of poisons contained in its body and liberated 

 upon its disintegration. These endocellular poisons are 

 capable of calling forth a reaction upon the part of the body 

 which results in some antibody formation. Second attacks 

 of typhoid are rare and the reason is probably that a sort 

 of active immunity is gained by one attack. As a matter 



