74 HUMAN BIOLOGY 



ways : (1) by giving a reduction of premium to abstainers, 

 or (2) by awarding them a larger share in the profits. 



" Ten years ago the American Temperance Life Insurance 

 Association was formed in this city (N. Y.), and accepts 

 nothing but total abstinence risks. It has had pronounced 

 success, and has paid something like $200,000 in death 

 claims. President Frank Delano states that the results of 

 their business show that the ratio of their death rate to that of 

 general risks is about 26 per cent in favor of the total abstainer. }> 

 WILLIAM E. JOHNSON. 



99. Business arguments for total abstinence. The value 

 of total abstinence as a business asset is clearly shown 

 by the following rules of railroads: Rule 17, New York 

 Central & Hudson River R.R. : " The use of intoxicating 

 drink on the road or about the premises of the corpora- 

 tion is strictly forbidden. No one will be employed, or 

 continued in employment, who is known to be in the habit 

 of drinking intoxicating liquor." 



Rule H, New York, New Haven & Hartford R.R. : " The 

 use of intoxicants by employees while on duty is prohibited. 

 Their habitual use, or the frequenting of places where they 

 are sold, is sufficient cause for dismissal." 



General Order No. 12, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western 

 R.R. : " The use of intoxicants while on or off duty, or 

 the visiting of saloons or places where liquor is sold, in- 

 capacitates men for railroad service, and is absolutely pro- 

 hibited. Any violation of this rule by employees in engine, 

 train, yard, or station service will be sufficient cause for dis- 

 missal." 



100. The cost of intemperance. The following figures, 

 compiled by the League for Social Service of New York City 

 from the United States Census, present some very striking 



