ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 169 



4. Professional work. 



a. Professor of Physics at Dijon (1848), and of Chemistry 



at Strassburg (1849). 



b. Professor and Dean of Faculty at Lille (1854). 



c. Scientific Director of Ecole Normale, Paris (1847), and 



Professor of Chemistry at Sorbonne, Paris (1867). 



d. Director of Pasteur Institute, Paris (1888). 



5. Death, at St. Cloud, Sept. 28, 1895. 



6. Position as a scientist. 



a. His life devoted to most important scientific investi- 



gations. 



b. Highest honors bestowed upon him by men of science in 



all countries. 



c. "The most perfect man in the realm of science." 

 [I. Important Contributions to Biological Knowledge. 



1. Investigations relative to fermentation and decay. 



a. Fermentation formerly believed to be purely a chemical 

 process, independent of the activity of living organ- 

 isms. 



6. Fermentation and putrefaction proved by Pasteur to 

 be always due to the action of living microorganisms 

 (yeast and bacteria). 



c. Each kind of fermentation or decay demonstrated to be 

 due to the activity of different kinds of germs. 



2. Discoveries relative to silkworm disease. 



a. Silk cultivation throughout France and Italy threatened 



by this disease. 



b. Silkworm disease proved by long investigations of 



Pasteur to be due to minute germs infesting eggs, 

 larvae, pupae, and moth of silkworm. 



c. Disease eradicated by scientific treatment suggested by 



Pasteur. 



3. Researches relative to splenic fever among horses, cattle, sheep, 



and human beings. 



'a. Rod-shaped bacteria found to be the cause of the disease. 

 b. Bacteria from the bodies of buried victims of the disease 



