6 THE SUN, STARS, AND PLANETS 



this circle draw the Great Dipper and Cassiopeia, as 

 shown in the illustration, and fasten it by means of a 

 paper fastener, or a pin pushed through the centers into 

 a piece of cork. 



b. Hold the apparatus so that you must look toward 

 the north in order to see it. Turn the circular piece so 

 that the Great Dipper is in the position in which you saw 

 those stars at eight o'clock last night, and mark with the 

 date the square piece of cardboard where the line comes 

 which passes through the "pointers." 



c. Look at the Great Dipper at seven o'clock and 

 at nine o'clock. Does it move in the same direction as 

 the hands of a clock or in the other direction? 



d. Look at the Great Dipper once a week for a few 

 weeks, and then once a month, always at eight o'clock, 

 and mark the square piece with the date. See how much 

 of the way around the North Star the Great Dipper goes 

 in one month and then tell where you think the Great 

 Dipper will be in six months. 



Experiment 3. To Locate the North by Means of 

 Shadows. 



Apparatus: Long nail, board. 



a. Drive the nail into a level board placed where the 

 sun will shine upon it all day. Mark along the shadow 

 of the nail at nine, ten, and eleven o'clock, in the morn- 

 ing, and at one, two, and three o'clock in the afternoon. 

 Half-way between the shadows which were cast at nine 

 o'clock and three o'clock is north. Half-way between 

 the shadows cast at ten o'clock and two o'clock also is 

 north. The same is true of the other two shadows. Can 

 you discover some rule in regard to the directions of 



