188 THE ARTS AND INDUSTRIES 



pure undiluted alcohol. All of these solutions must be 

 kept in tightly covered bottles as the alcohol will rapidly 

 evaporate if the bottles are left unstoppered. 



76. To Remove Grease Spots and Stains. 



We may make use of both solution and capillarity 

 for the removal of grease. In addition to the solvents 

 which are mentioned in Section 36 there are ammonia 

 water, naphtha, benzine, and ether for the removal of 

 grease. All but ammonia water are very dangerous to 

 use as they are so easily set on fire. Grease can also be 

 removed by means of a hot iron. Place a cloth or blot- 

 ting paper under the goods, cover the goods with a cloth 

 or a piece of paper, and press with a moderately hot iron. 

 The heat melts the grease and weakens the capillarity so 

 that the grease moves away from the heat. 



Ink spots may be removed by salt and lemon juice 

 if the spots have not become dry. Red ink may be 

 removed by ammonia water. Paint may be removed by 

 turpentine and benzine. Tea and coffee stains may be 

 removed by cold water and glycerine if allowed to soak 

 for several hours. Enameled sinks and bathtubs may be 

 cleaned with kerosene, followed by hot water and soap. 



77. How to Make Soap. 



There are two kinds of soap hard and soft. In 

 olden days, before soap became so common and so cheap, 

 soapmaking was one of the household arts. Then there 

 was much soft soap made as it was easily made and con- 

 venient to use. Now hard soaps of various kinds have 

 nearly driven this art from the home. 



