86 INSECTS. 



mains of other bees. In this way 3-011 will get an idea of the 

 extent of its depredations on the population of the hive. 



Capture a few good specimens to be used in studying 

 the external peculiarities. Note specially the length of 

 the abdomen, the strength of the beak, the size and rough- 

 ness of the legs, and the position, size, and strength of the 

 wings. Make drawings of antennee, mouth parts, legs, 

 wings, halteres, etc., and compare with those of the blue- 

 bottle fly. 



THE CABBAGE BUTTERFLY. 



(Pieris rapce.) 



This is the small white butterfly with black wing tips, 

 too abundant about our gardens. Something of its habits 



will have been seen already, 

 for it is commonly found 

 feeding with the sulphur 

 butterfly. Collect now a 

 number of specimens to be 

 used in studying it. 



External Anatomy. 



FEMALE CABBAGE BUTTERFLY, Pieris Follow the plan of study 

 rapK (from Riley). . . r / 



laid down in the " Prelimi- 

 nary Lesson" for the sulphur butterfly. When studying 

 the mouth parts, note that the coiled organ, which has 

 been called the tongue, consists of two elongated organs, 

 grooved on their inner edges, and placed side by side, so 

 that the grooves meet, and form a tubular food passage 

 between them, and that these two organs are, in fact, 

 the much modified lacinia of maxillae. 



A few convenient descriptive terms applying to the 

 wings need to be learned here. The wings, being some- 

 what triangular in outline, present three margins and 

 three angles. The anterior margin is called the costal 



