It is therefore not without misgivings that I am 

 induced to record the results of 20 years spent in happy 

 investigations, made in odd hours stolen from so busy a 

 life that often weeks would elapse, before I could spare 

 the time to continue my favourite pursuits, this coupled 

 with the fact that I have suffered nearly every year with 

 a distressing eye trouble, must be sufficient excuse for 

 not falling in with my friends wishes earlier. 



A mere accident drew my attention to these organs, 

 and about the same time a question arose as to the 

 identity of certain specimens of Miana taken in Ireland, 

 which appeared to puzzle the savants of that time. 



I made preparations of the several species of the 

 genus, and had the satisfaction of being able to prove 

 there are distinct and unalterable forms of genitalia to 

 each species ; so that any doubtful specimen could be at 

 once determined by an examination of these parts. I 

 then discovered that other investigators had already 

 worked certain groups from a similar standpoint. I 

 found that P. H. Gosse had published an illustrated 

 monograph of the Papilionidce in the transactions of the 

 Linnaean Society for 1883. This work which is beauti- 

 fully illustrated, contains an account of the genital 

 organs as seen in dried specimens, by the removal of 

 one valve, (harpe), and certain parts were named. 

 Unfortunately in several instances the drawings are 

 quite incorrect, and the majority entirely misleading, 

 owing to the most important structures being hidden by 

 dessication. He also gives a short Bibliography of his 

 subject. Dr. Buchanan White had previously, in 1876, 

 published in the transactions of the same society, a 

 paper on the genitalia of the European Rhopalocera. 

 His figures which are very poor, show only the outline 

 of the parts as seen by removing the scales. This is 

 most unsatisfactory and gives no idea of the important 

 internal structure. Scudder's work published about 



