61 



unaccountable reason it suddenly becomes bifurcate, (the 

 only other species among the Noctuida, partaking of this 

 character is oxyacantha), a close family likeness unites 

 gilvago, cerayo, and xerampelina, whilst ferruginea differs in 

 every particular and is evidently correctly placed in a 

 separate genus Mellinia. 



Xanthia aurago. Pencils present. 



Harpe peaked, with corona ; cucullus divided ; clasper 

 curved; ampulla narrow and pointed; clavus rounded; 

 uncus tapered, broad at the tip ; vesica with bulbed 

 cornutus, and spicule. 



Citpago. 



Harpe peaked, with corona ; cucullus divided ; clasper 

 ovate ; ampulla a long arm ; uncus tongue shaped ; vesica 

 with bulbed cornutus, and band of teeth. 



Silago ; flavago. From S. J. Capper. 



Pencils present. 



Harpe peaked with a weak corona ; clasper toothed at the 

 tip ; uncus bifurcate, forming two pointed arms ; peniculus 

 on a peduncle; vesica with thick cornutus. 



Gilvago. 



Harpe with corona ; cucullus divided ; clasper long and 

 pointed ; ampulla much larger, lying in the same direction ; 

 uncus rounded at the tip ; vesica with bands of teeth and 

 two small bulbed cornuti. 



Cepago; fulvago. From S. J. Capper. 

 Harpe with corona ; cucullus divided ; clasper shorter and 

 thicker than preceding ; ampulla also short and thick ; 

 uncus parallel ; vesica with bands of teeth and two cornuti. 



Cipphoedia xerampelina. Without pencils. 

 This species is so closely connected with the two preceding 

 that it should be included with them, but as they are so 

 different from the Xanthias, I suggest they should come 

 into the genus Cirrhwdia. 



Harpe similar to preceding ; clasper elbowed, scobinated, 

 and bifurcate at the tip ; ampulla pointed ; uncus parallel ; 

 vesica with two small bulbed cornuti. 



