68 GEOLOGICAL REPORT. 



county, some explorations for copper have been made ; but 

 proving unprofitable, the mining was abandoned. A very little 

 copper ore was found here, associated with iron pyrites and 

 hematite and dog-tooth spar. The mining extended through 

 red clay, into the softer beds of the underlying 3d Magnesian 

 limestone." 



ABSTRACT FROM DR. B. F. SHUMARD'S REPORT. 



" The copper mines of Crawford county have not been 

 worked for some years. Dr. H. King examined them at the 

 time they were being worked, from whose report we largely 

 avail ourselves. 



"Hindi's Copper Mines, on the side of a high hill, near the 

 center of Sec. 4, T. 38, R. 2 W. This mine was discovered in 

 1849, and several thousand pounds of ore have been raised 

 here. According to Dr. King, the ore, near the surface, is a 

 carbonate and oxide, but deeper it assumes the character of a 

 sulphuret of excellent quality. Dr. King states that 800 Ibs. 

 of ore produced 273 Ibs. of good pig copper. The holes or 

 shafts have been sunk chiefly in loose, red clay and commi- 

 nuted chert, but the walls of some of them are in the Magne- 

 sian limestone. The copper ore was found with brown hematite 

 in small fragments disseminated through the clay and filling 

 fissures in sandstone. Small scales of native copper were found 

 occasionally with the carbonate and oxide. 



" Mr. Engelmann states that very little has been done here 

 toward investigating the real character of this mine, owing to 

 the very irregular manner in which the work has been car- 

 ried on. 



"Rives' Copper Mine, in N.E. qr. Sec. 13, T. 39, R. 3 W. 

 The formation here is the cherty portion of the 3d Magnesian 

 Limestone and 2d Sandstone. This mine was worked to some 

 extent in 1849, and many pits were sunk through the super- 

 ficial deposits. According to Dr. King's report, some twelve 

 or fifteen holes were sunk, and more or less copper in some 

 condition was found in nearly all of them. On the west side 

 of the hill, at a depth of about twenty feet, a mass of ore was 

 struck several feet in thickness, or which was penetrated to this 

 extent without passing through it. Dr. King further states 

 that a < large pile, probably some hundred thousand pounds of 



