GEOLOGICAL EEPORT. 75 



Large areas, particularly those underlaid by sandstones, are 

 covered by very extensive and valuable forests of the yellow 

 pine. These pine forests are very extensive in McDonald. 



The spontaneous growth of the Osage-orange in the south- 

 west, proves its adaptation to the climate and soil, and indi- 

 cates its fitness for hedges in that region. 



ABSTRACTS FROM DR. B. F. SHUMARD'S REPORT. 



" Crawford County. The valleys of the larger streams are 

 frequently heavily timbered with white and bur oak, white and 

 black walnut, white and sugar maple, shellbark hickory, paw- 

 paw, dogwood, linden or basswood, grape and haw. On the 

 higher uplands, between the rough ridges skirting the streams, 

 we frequently find extensive tracts of level, post and black 

 oak, and hickory lands. In Sec. 16, T. 36, R. 4 W., there is 

 a pinery. 



"Phelps County. The valleys of the larger streams, Little 

 Piney, Spring creek, Dry Fork of the Meramec and Bourbeuse, 

 are in general very heavily timbered with white and bur oak, 

 shellbark and pignut hickory, white and black walnut, sugar 

 and white-leafed maple, dogwood, linden, hackberry, honey 

 locust, cottonwood, thorn, and several varieties of grape. 



"Pulaski County. The valleys of the Gasconade, Big Piney 

 river, and Robideaux and Spring creek, sustain a heavy growth 

 of white, bur and scarlet oak, white and sugar maple, shell- 

 bark hickory, white and slippery elm, dogwood, cottonwood, 

 ash, linden, elder, grape, hackberry, and white and black wal- 

 nut. The hills, also, in the vicinity of the larger streams are 

 heavily timbered. 



"La Clede County. The bottoms of the larger streams sup- 

 port a heavy growth of the finest kind of timber. On the up- 

 land, " post oak flats " we find post and white oak, and black- 

 jack and black hickory." 



ABSTRACTS FROM MR. BROADHEAD'S NOTES. 



" The hills near the Gasconade river are well timbered, also 

 between Little Tavern and Sugar creek, and between Dry creek 

 and Clifty creek, consisting mostly of white and post oak, and 



