362 



COSMOS. 



writings of Ctesias, 156 ; extent of the 

 Roman empire, 181. 



Hellenic. See Greece, Greeks. 



Helmont, Johann Baptiste von, one of the 

 founders of pneumatic chemistry, 344. 



HeraclidsB, their return into Peloponne- 

 sus, 148. 



Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Stabise, land- 

 scape paintings discovered at, 85. 



Hernandez, physician to Philip II., 275. 



Herodotus, account of ancient paintings, 

 83, 84 ; delight taken by Xerxes in tibe 

 great plane-tree of Lydia, 102 ; his no- 

 tices of the memorial pillars of the vic- 

 tories of Rameses Miamoun, 124-126 ; 

 notices on the circimmavigation of Lyd- 

 ia, 127 ; of the expeditions and con- 

 quests of Rameses Miamoun, 124-127 ; 

 regarded Scythian Asia as a portion of 

 Europe, 142; myth of Aristeas, 143 ; ac- 

 curate knowledge of the configuration 

 of the Caspian Sea, 145, 192 ; his de- 

 scription of the Indian races, 164 ; ca- 

 nal completed by Darius Hystaspes, 173. 



Herschel, Sir William, his discovery of 

 the tvro innermost satelUtes of Saturn, 

 329. 



Hesiod, his " Works and Days," 23 ; doc- 

 trine of four ages of the world, 156. 



Hicetas of Syracuse, his knowledge of the 

 earth's rotation on its axis, 109. 



Himerius the Sophist, Eclogues of, 27. 



Hippalus, 172. 



Hipparchus, his isthmus hypothesis, 127, 

 266 ; the originator of astronomical ta- 

 bles, and the discoverer of the preces- 

 sion of the equinoxes, 178, 187. 



Hiram, ruler of Tyre, 136, 137. 



Hirt on the origin of the French style of 

 gardening, 37. 



Historical events which have extended 

 the horizon of the physical contempla- 

 tion of the universe, 109, 110. 



Hiuen-thsang, eai'ly CMnese traveler, 148, 

 250. 



Hiungnu (a Turkish race), migrations of, 

 186, 202. 



Hobbima, landscapes of, 89. 



Hoces, Francisco de, discovery of Cape 

 Horn, 265, 266. 



Uoffmeister, Dr., girth of the trunk of the 

 Cedrus deodvara, 168. 



Hojeda, Alonso de, 240, 282, 298, 299. 



Homer and the Homeric songs, their 

 beautiful and sublime descriptions of 

 nature, 24, 46. 



Hooke, Robert, 310, 332; correct views 

 on the rotation of the earth, 339, 340 ; 

 observed the existence of nitrous par- 

 ticles in the air, 345. 



Humboldt, Alexander von, works by, 

 quoted in various notes : 

 Ansichten der Natur, 96. 

 Asie Centrale, 120, 138, 142, 144-147, 

 152, 157, 161, 168, 173, 177, 189, 191, 

 208, 214, 215, 232, 250, 282. 

 De Distributione Geographic4 Plan- 



tarum, 158, 159. 

 Essai Geognostique sur le Gisement 

 des Rochea. 347. 



Essai Politique sur la Nouvelle £» 



pagne, 159, 271, 272, 280. 

 Examen Critique de I'Histoire de la 

 G§ographie, 92, 119, 121, 127, 134, 

 136, 138, 152, 162, 165, 166, 177, 188, 

 192, 194, 214, 215, 219, 225, 229, 235, 

 236, 238, 239, 245, 246, 252, 256, 261» 

 263-266, 269, 270, 276, 277, 282, 284- 

 288, 290, 293, 297-299, 301. 

 Recueil d'Observations Astronom- 



iques, 183. 

 Relation Historique du Voyage aux 

 Regions Equinoxiales, 20, 119, 131, 

 135, 159, 236, 264, 290, 335, 339. 

 Vues des Cordilleres, 156. 

 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, comparison of 

 the works of Lucretius with an Indian 

 epic, 30, 31 ; the sky in the landscape 

 compared in its effect to the charm of 

 the chorus in the Greek tragedy, 100; 

 irresistible charm of mathematical stud- 

 ies, 351. 

 Huygens, first explained the phenomena 

 of Saturn's ring, 323, 329 ; on the nebu« 

 Iffl in the sword of Orion, 330 ; his re- 

 searches on light, 331-333. 

 Hygrometers, invention of, 340, 341, 

 Hyksos, the, their Semitic origin and mi- 

 gration, 206, 207. 

 Hyperboreans, the, meteorological myth 

 of, 147. 



Ibn-Baithar, Arabian botanist, 216. 



Iceland, its discovery and colonization by 

 the Northmen, 231 ; its early free eon- 

 stitution and literature, 237. 



Ilschan Holagu, observatory founded by, 

 223. 



Incense of Arabia, researches on the, 204, 

 205. 



India, expedition of Alexander to, and ita 

 important results on physical and geo- 

 graphical science, 153-158. 



Indians, profound feeling of nature in 

 their most ancient poetry, 22, 101 ; ita 

 influence on the imagination of the East 

 Arian nations, 44, 48-51 ; its character- 

 istics, 51-54 ; their knowledge of land- 

 scape painting, 84, 85 ; numerical sys- 

 tem, 169, 225-227 ; their chemistry, 218, 

 219 ; planetary tables, 222 ; algebra, 

 224-227. 



Inductive reasoning, 179. 



Infinitesimal calculus, results of its inven- 

 tion, 351. 



Ingolf, his colonization of Iceland, 231, 237. 



lonians, their mental characteristics, 14.3. 



Irish, conjectures on their early discovery 

 of America, 234-237. 



Isabella, Queen, letters to Columbus, 274, 

 293. 



Isaiah, quotation from his prophecies, 20S, 



Islands of the Blessed, myth of the an« 

 cients, 133. 



ItaUan poetry, as descriptive of nature^ 

 62-64. 



Ivory, commerce in, 174. 



Janaen, Zacharias, optical instnimenti 

 invented by 318, 319. 



