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Vesalius ; saw clearly enough that there was no visible direct 

 passage from the right to the left side of the heart. 



" The septum of the ventricles . . . abounds on Iwth sides with little pits impressed 

 in it. Of these pits, none, so far at least as can be perceived by the senses, penetrate 

 through from the right to the left ventricle, so that we are driven to wonder at the handi- 

 work of the Almighty, by means of which the blood sweats from the right into the left 

 ventricle, through passages which escape human vision." (M. Foster's Lectures.) 



In the last chapter of his work, which contains a curious figure 

 of a pig fixed to an operating table, he tells us that an animal can 

 live without its spleen ; that the brain acts on the trunk and limbs 

 through the spinal cord ; that section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve 

 — lateral to the soporales arterias — results in loss of voice ; that the 

 lungs shrink or collapse when the chest is punctured. He was the 

 first to perform artificial respiration in animals. He found that an 

 animal can be kept alive by artificial respiration, even if its chest is 

 completely opened. 



MICHAEL SERVETUS. 



MIGUEL SERVEDE was born in 1509 or 1511, in Villanueva, in 

 Aragon. He was educated for the Church, and studied at the 

 Universities of Saragossaand Toulouse. In Toulouse he studied 

 law ; but, says Willis, " law was never the subject that engrossed the 

 thoughts of Servetus. The natural bent of his mind, and the teach- 

 ing he received, led him to theology." " Servetus possessed the 

 character of the enthusiast to perfection." In 1531 he published De 

 Trinitatis Erroribus, or Seven Books on Mistaken Conceptions of the 

 Trinity. He was a pioneer of the Unitarian doctrine. The facts 

 regarding the name of the printer and the place where it was printed 

 only came to light when Servetus was on his trial in Geneva in 1553. 

 This work, instead of bringing him support and fame amongst the 

 German and Swiss reformers, had exactly the opposite effect. He 

 went to Paris in 1532, where he was known as Michael Villeneuve, or 

 Villanovanus. 



"It was during his first sojourn of about two years at Paris — 1532-1534 — that he 

 made the acquaintance of the man who became in the end his most implacable enemy, 

 and the immediate cause of his untimely and cruel death. This was none other than 

 John Calvin." (R. Willis.) 



He quitted Paris and went to Lyons, where he became reader for 

 the press for the famous typographers Trechsel. Books at that time 

 were generally printed in Latin, and it is obvious that a reader for the 



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