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anatomist, " in docendo maxime methodicus, in medendo felicissimus, 

 in secando cxpeditissimus," but a very adverse critic of Vesalius. His 

 name is still preserved in anatomical lore by the aqueduct and tube 

 of Falloppius. 



IN many respects ANDREAS CESALPINUS, of Arezzo (1519- 

 1603), naturalist,philosopher, and physician, presents an interesting 

 psychological study. He first used the term circulatio, as applied 

 to the passage of the blood from the right to the left side of the 

 heart, but does not mention Columbus in his Quwstionum Peripateti- 

 carum Lib. V., ed. 1593. He describes the systemic circulation, and 

 how the veins swell on the far side of a ligature. It is impossible to 

 say how far his views were merely controversial statements or the 

 outcome of patient investigation. One thing is certain, that they had 

 little if any influence upon his great contemporary Fabricius. He 

 wrote an excellent work on Plants, and, in some respects, laid the 

 foundation for Linnaeus. He was Professor of Medicine and Botany 

 in Pisa (1567-1592) ; then he went to Rome, to the Collegio della 

 Sapienza there, and became Archiater, or physician, to Pope 

 Clement VIII. His chief work, Peripatetic Questions (1571), deals 

 with the philosophy of Aristotle, speculative physiology. He was 

 a theorist rather than an experimenter, and held curious views 

 regarding the invisible demons that, according to him, ruled the 

 world. 



HIERONYMUS FABRICIUS. 



J 537- l6l 9 (**• 8 2)- 



FABRICIUS was born in the Tuscan village of Acquapendente, 

 studied at Padua, and succeeded his master, Falloppius, in the 

 Chair of Anatomy and Surgery in 1565, a post which he held 

 until his death. He was not only a great anatomist, whose renown 

 attracted many students — amongst others, W. Harvey — to Padua, 

 but he was also a great surgeon. His work on surgery contains 

 several plates, showing some of the extraordinary mechanical 

 contrivances in use by surgeons in those days. He also wrote on 

 vision, voice, and hearing, and of the organs or " instruments " 

 thereof. He gives admirable plates of the development of the 

 chick in the egg — De Formatione Ovi et Pulli — a work also which 

 later- engaged the last years of his pupil, Harvey. In his treatise 

 De Respiratione (1599-1603), he deals with the muscles and 

 mechanisms or " instruments " of respiration, and the purpose of 

 respiration. As regards the circulation of the blood, he practically 

 taught what Galen taught. His work on the valves in the veins, 

 c 



