( ioo ) 



he was Extraordinary Professor of Botany in Jena, where he pub- 

 lished his PTvytoUnny. Returning to Dresden in 1862, he in I860 

 accepted the Chair of Vegetable Chemistry and Anthropology in 

 Dorpat, but this he soon resigned and returned to Dresden, and died 

 in 1881. His chief works are, Grundziige der ivissenschaftlichen 

 Botanik, 1842-43, and Die Pfianze und ihr Lebeii. 



MAX SCHULTZE. 



1825-1874. 



BORN in Freiburg in Breisgau, his early days were passed 

 in Greifswald, but the star of Midler in Berlin was then 

 attracting the younger Biologists in 1846-47. He diligently 

 studied chemistry with a view to its application to histological 

 problems, and later, in Greifswald, zoological problems attracted his 

 attention ; and, indeed, it was his researches on the rhizopods, which 

 led to his modifications in the cell theory. It was evident that the 

 presence of a cell membrane was not necessary to the conception of a 

 cell. 



He became Professor in Halle in 1854, where, under most 

 unfavourable circumstances, he published papers on the development 

 of petromyzon, on electrical organs, and a whole series on the 

 termination of nerves in the sense organs, and soon he became one 

 of the best known of the younger investigators. When Helmholtz 

 went to Heidelberg in 1859, Schultze took up anatomy in Bonn. 

 Here he published many important papers on the retina and cognate 

 subjects. In 1861 his important work, Ueber Muskelkorperchen, und, 

 das was man elne Zelle zu nennen habe, was published. He and 

 Briicke independently established the doctrine of cells as elementary 

 organisms. The practical identity of the protoplasm of rhizopods 

 with that of vegetables led him to study the movements of 

 protoplasm — a term first used by H. von Mold — and, in so doing, 

 he observed the leucocytes with special precautions, being the first 

 to use a hot stage for this purpose (1863). His controversy with 

 Reichert regarding the cell indirectly led to the foundation of his 

 Archiv f. mikroskopische Anatomie in 1865, and the first paper 

 therein is his description of a " hot stage for the investigation of 

 the blood." Dilute chromic acid, iodized serum, osmic acid, were 

 introduced into histological technique through him. Just when he 

 had completed the construction of the new Anatomical Institute in 

 Bonn he died suddenly from a perforating ulcer of the duodenum. 

 " Die Uhr stand still, der Zeiger fiel, es war vollbracht." 



