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physical trend. Marshall Hall was following up the work of 

 Ch. Bell on reflexes. Wm. Bowman published his paper on 

 striped muscle in 1840 and his work on the kidney in 1842. But 

 that great quartette — Helmholtz, Ludwig, Du Bois-Beymond, and 

 E. Brticke— had not begun their life-work. 



In his thesis for the M.D., On the Gastric Jake and its role in 

 digestion, we find the germ of one of his great discoveries. He found 

 that cane sugar injected into the blood-vessels is excreted in the 

 urine, but that this is not the case if it is previously acted on by the 

 gastric juice. The next fertile discovery was made when, along with 

 Barreswill, he was experimenting on digestion in graminivorous and 

 carnivorous animals. In the dog, after a full meal, the lacteals were 

 white immediately below the entrance of the bile duct and the 

 pancreatic duct, which opens along with it. In the rabbit no chyle 

 was seen save in the lacteals below the entrance of the pancreatic 

 duct. In the rabbit the main pancreatic duct opens apart about 

 30 cm. below the pylorus. This led to his investigations on the 

 pancreas (Lecons de Physiol. Eocper., 1855). It should be noted that 

 this is not invariably the case. Bernard's work on the pancreas was 

 begun before 1848, but it was not until 1856 that the full work 

 appeared as a supplement to the Comptes Rendus — a memoir 

 subsequently published (4to), to which in 1850 the Acad^mie des 



Bernard's figure of lacteals in rabbit during diges- Bernard's figure of lacteals in a dog, white 

 tion, white below entrance of pancreatic duct. below entrance of pancreatic duct. 



J 



