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lectured there, devising experiments on a magnificent scale to illustrate 

 his lectures. Even then the shadow of a long and fatal illness 

 was upon him. I am indebted to his daughter, Frau Dr. A. M. 

 Schubart, of Munich, for the beautiful photogravure. His collected 

 works were published by his widow. A translation of his work, On 

 the Laryngoscope and its Employment in Physiology and Medicine, was 

 published by the New Sydenham Society in 1861. This work is 

 really the articles published in 1858 and 1859, "in which he made 

 it his study to bring into scientific and practical use the manifold 

 applications of the principle of Liston and Garcia's method of 

 inspecting the larynx." He wished to see this instrument introduced 

 into daily practice, like the stethoscope, ophthalmoscope, and speculum. 

 Liston's observations in 1840 were made with a glass speculum fixed 

 on a long stalk, and those of Garcia were made in order to study 

 vocalization in 1855. I have come across the following passage in the 

 Life of Dr. Hodgkin, which may be interesting historically : — 



"At one of these meetings of the Hunterian Society, in March, 1829, 'Dr. 

 Babington submitted to the Society an ingenious instrument for the examination of 

 parts within the fauces not admitting of inspection by unaided sight. It consisted of an 

 oblong piece of looking glass set in silver wire with a long shank. The reflecting portion 

 is placed against the palate whilst the tongue is held down by a spatula, when the 

 epiglottis and upper part of the larynx become visible in the glass. A strong light is 

 required, and the instrument should be dipped in water, so as to have a film of the fluid 

 upon it when used, or the halitus of the breath renders it cloudy. The doctor proposed 

 to call it glottiscope.' Dr. Hodgkin refers to it in a lecture as ' the speculum laryngis 

 or laryngoscope invented by my friend Dr. Babington in 1829.'" (S. Wilks, Guy's 

 IIosp. Rep., XXIII.) 



LOUIS PASTEUR. 



1822-1895. 



EVERY one knows the relation of the work of Pasteur to 

 medicine and surgery. I will therefore content myself with 

 giving two quotations and the titles in historical order of his 

 great and classical works ; the names of these are inscribed on the 

 beautiful marbles that line the vault in which his remains are deposited 

 in the Pasteur Institute, of Paris. The tomb is built after the style 

 of that of Galla Placidia at Ravenna. Dyssymmetrie moleculaire 

 (1848) ; Fermentation (1857) ; Generations dites spontanees (1862) : 

 Etudes sur le Vin (1863) ; Maladies des Vers a soie (1865) ; Etudes sur 

 la Biere (1871) ; Maladies Virulentes (1877) ; Virus Vaccins (1880) ; 

 Prophylaxie de la Rage (1885). The two quotations bear directly on 

 the theory of fermentation and biogenesis, the one from Liebig, the 

 other from Pasteur. Each tells its own story. 



