596 Mutations 



sailles, whence it was introduced into horticul- 

 ture by Carriere. Similarly divided and cleft 

 leaves seem to have occurred more often in the 

 wild state, and cut-leaved hazels are recorded 

 from Kouen in France, birches and alders from 

 Sweden and Lapland, where both are said to 

 have been met with in several forests. The 

 purple barberry was found about 1830 by Ber- 

 tin, near Versailles. Weeping varieties of 

 ashes were found wild in England and in Ger- 

 many, and broom-like oaks, Qiiercus pedun- 

 culata fastigiata, are recorded from Hessen- 

 Darmstadt, Calabria, the Pyrenees and other 

 localities. About the real origin of all these 

 varieties nothing is definitely known. 



The '^ single-leaved " strawberry is a variety 

 often seen in botanical gardens, as it is easily 

 propagated by its runners. It was discovered 

 wild in Lapland at the time of Linnaeus, and 

 appeared afterwards unexpectedly in a nursery 

 near Versailles. This happened about the year 

 1760 and Duchesne tested it from seeds and 

 found it constant. This strain, however, seems 

 to have died out before the end of the 18th cen- 

 tury. In a picture painted by Holbein (1495- 

 1543), strawberry leaves can be seen agreeing 

 exactly with the monophyllous type. The va- 

 riety may thus be assumed to have arisen inde- 



