MEASUREMENT OF TIMBER. 



6l 



of which added to 81 gives 84 mean area as before, 

 and this multiplied by 25 for the length, and by 

 7854, gives 11 *45 also. 



To measure standing timber, we require three 

 factors, the diameter at base (usually taken at 

 breast-high to avoid buttresses), the height of the 

 tree, and the form figure of the tree, that is, its 

 relation to a true cylinder. 



The diameter at base is usually taken with 

 a pair of klappe, one arm of which marks the 

 width to which they open. This is much more 

 expeditious and 

 convenient than 

 taking the girth, 

 which can hardly 

 be done well by 

 one man, espe- 

 cially with large 

 timber. Any 

 country carpenter 

 could make one, 

 but care must be taken that the arms 

 have little play in the sockets, otherwise the 

 points open wider than the handles, and the 

 measure chronicled will be below the true 

 measure. 



To measure the height of a tree, several instru- 

 ments have been designed, one of the most con- 



