TIMBER FOREST WITH COPPICE. 95 



Oaks thus grown for large timber are sometimes 

 allowed to stand for another hundred years after 

 the last thinning; and to shade and utilise the 

 vacant ground, and preserve to the soil all its 

 properties as forest soil, the whole area is planted 

 with an under-crop, usually treated as coppice ; or 

 the coppice^ shoots of the felled trees are allowed 

 to occupy the ground, and are cut over periodically 

 for their bark; but when the trees are intended 

 to stand for another hundred years or more, the 

 soil is frequently covered with beech or pine, which 

 are grown for timber, and on their reaching matu- 

 rity, all are felled together. 



