Vlll 



CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGES 



IV. PROPAGATION BY MEANS OF LAYERS AND RUNNERS 69-79 



The common or natural layers .... 70-75 



The so-called air-layers 76-79 



V. PROPAGATION BY MEANS OF CUTTINGS . . . 80-112 



1. General requirements of cuttings . . . . 80-97 



Constructions for regulating moisture and heat 80-86 



Bottom heat 87-88 



Placing and protecting the cuttings . . . 88-91 



Soil for cuttings 91-93 



The striking of cuttings 93-97 



2. The divers kinds of cuttings 97-112 



Cuttings of tubers 98-99 



Cuttings of roots . . . . . . 99-101 



Cuttings of leaves ...... 101-104 



Cuttings of stems 104-112 



1. Hardwood dormant cuttings . . . 104-107 



2. Greenwood cuttings 107-112 



VI. PROPAGATION BY MEANS OF BUDDING AND GRAFTING 113-171 



1. Graftage in general 113-120 



Classification of graftage 117-119 



Times and methods 119-120 



2. Budding . 121-136 



Shield-budding 122-133 



Other kinds of budding 134-136 



Prong-budding . . . . . . 134 



Plate-budding 134-135 



The patch-bud 135 



H-budding 135 



Flute-budding 135-136 



Chip-budding ...... 136 



3. Grafting 136-171 



The whip-graft 138-144 



Root-grafted vs. budded stock . . . 141-143 



Modified whip-grafts ..... 143-144 



The veneer-graft 144-146 



The clef t-graft 146-158 



Top-working trees by means of the cleft-graft 151-157 



Other uses of the cleft-graft .... 157-158 



